The process of recycling is the reuse of materials to make new products. This is an important part of a green lifestyle, because it reduces the need to extract, transport and process fresh raw materials, which often require the use of fossil fuels, pollute air and water, and harm wildlife. It also helps to conserve natural resources, such as iron and steel, which are finite; glass, which is made from sand; aluminum; wood; and paper.
Many communities have recycling programs where paper, glass, plastics, metals and other materials can be collected and reprocessed for reuse. This is done by a variety of means, including curbside collection and drop-off centers. It is important to understand what items can and cannot be recycled, as different programs have different guidelines. It is best to know the Three Basic Rules (below) and to check with local programs for in-depth guides and resources.
One reason that people may not recycle is that it requires a focus on long-term planning, whereas humans evolved to be sensitive to short-term survival goals. A number of studies have looked at ways to encourage participation in recycling programs. One study found that personal contact among a group of neighbors is the most effective way to promote recycling. This approach, called block-leadership, involves neighbors taking responsibility for encouraging their fellow residents to participate in a program.
The economic benefits of recycling are substantial. It creates jobs, and the wages earned by recycling workers are typically higher than those in other industries. In addition, recycling reduces the need to mine, quarry and dig up virgin materials, which often have high environmental costs and may be in short supply. It also avoids the disposal of waste in landfill sites, which can cause groundwater contamination and create greenhouse gasses.